Algorithm of measurements 1. Check that the U-shaped manometer is filled with water Open the valve B and wait for 2-3 minutes. Attach the rubber bulb to the Open of the valve B . Pump air into the vessel by a quick squeezing of the bulb and close the valve . Repeat the pumping again so that the liquid level difference hin the manometer reaches 20-40 cm. 2. Wait for the pressure to stabilize due to heat conductivity (usually it takes about 5-6 minutes) and read the value h_(1) 3.Open the valve B and close it after the hissing of escaping air is heard no longer. Wait until the pressure to stabilize. Read h_(3) value. 4.Repeat steps 1-3 at least 8 times. 5. Calculate y using Eq.(212.10) and estimate the uncertainty (error) assuming that this value is the result of direct measurement. 6. Calculate the molar heat capacities of air C_(V) and C_(p) using Eqs. (212.4) and (212.3) Find the number of degrees of freedom for air according to Eq. (212.5). 8. Draw conclusions about the correctness of kinetic theory of gases and quantum concepts about composition of air molecules.

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Algorithm of measurements 1. Check that the U-shaped manometer is filled with water Open the valve B and wait for 2-3 minutes. Attach the rubber bulb to the Open of the valve B . Pump air into the vessel by a quick squeezing of the bulb and close the valve . Repeat the pumping again so that the liquid level difference hin the manometer reaches 20-40 cm. 2. Wait for the pressure to stabilize due to heat conductivity (usually it takes about 5-6 minutes) and read the value h_(1) 3.Open the valve B and close it after the hissing of escaping air is heard no longer. Wait until the pressure to stabilize. Read h_(3) value. 4.Repeat steps 1-3 at least 8 times. 5. Calculate y using Eq.(212.10) and estimate the uncertainty (error) assuming that this value is the result of direct measurement. 6. Calculate the molar heat capacities of air C_(V) and C_(p) using Eqs. (212.4) and (212.3) Find the number of degrees of freedom for air according to Eq. (212.5). 8. Draw conclusions about the correctness of kinetic theory of gases and quantum concepts about composition of air molecules.

Answer 1

The algorithm of measurements described involves several steps to measure the properties of air using a U-shaped manometer. Here is a breakdown of the steps:1. **Preparation of the Manometer:** - Ensure the U-shaped manometer is filled with water. - Open valve B and allow the water to flow for 2-3 minutes. - Attach a rubber bulb to the opening of valve B. - Pump air into the vessel by squeezing the bulb quickly. - Close the valve after the air is pumped in. - Repeat the pumping process until the liquid level difference in the manometer reaches 20-40 cm.2. **Stabilization of Pressure:** - Wait for the pressure to stabilize due to heat conductivity (usually takes about 5-6 minutes). - Read the value of h1, which represents the initial pressure.3. **Measurement of Final Pressure:** - Open valve B and close it after the hissing sound of escaping air is no longer heard. - Wait until the pressure stabilizes again. - Read the value of h3, which represents the final pressure.4. **Repetition of Steps:** - Repeat steps 1-3 at least 8 times to ensure accuracy.5. **Calculation of Pressure:** - Calculate the pressure using Eq. (212.10). - Estimate the uncertainty (error) assuming this value is the result of direct measurement.6. **Calculation of Molar Heat Capacities:** - Calculate the molar heat capacities of air (CV and Cp) using Eqs. (212.4) and (212.3).7. **Degrees of Freedom:** - Find the number of degrees of freedom for air according to Eq. (212.5).8. **Conclusion:** - Draw conclusions about the correctness of the kinetic theory of gases and quantum concepts regarding the composition of air molecules.This algorithm provides a systematic approach to measuring the properties of air and calculating various thermodynamic parameters. It involves repeated measurements to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results.

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