KENYATTA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 20162017 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION EPS 200; - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY DATE; Friday, 25^ (th ) November, 2016 TIME: 8:00 a.m. - 10.00 a.m. INSTRUCTIONS: This paper has FIVE questions. Question ONE is Compulsory. Answer any other TWO questions QUESTION ONE a) Explain the principle that development is a directional process. (4 marks) b) Highlight Jean J. Rousseau's contribution towards child psychology as a scientific discipline (3 marks) c). i). Distinguish between physiological and psychosocial needs. (2 marks) ii) Give three rights of the child that can be classified as physiological needs. (3 marks) d) Identify any two functions of the placenta during pregnancy. (3 marks) e) Using a suitable example for each, distinguish between over-extension and overregularization as used in language development. (4 marks) f) Highlight three benefits of peer groups to school children. (3 marks) g) Define the following terms showing how they may lead to the intellectual growth of the learners: i) Assimilation (2 marks) ii) Accommodation (2 marks) iii) Schema (2 marks) h) Highlight two factors that influence, students' expression of emotions. (2 marks)

Question

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 20162017 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION EPS 200; - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY DATE; Friday, 25^ (th ) November, 2016 TIME: 8:00 a.m. - 10.00 a.m. INSTRUCTIONS: This paper has FIVE questions. Question ONE is Compulsory. Answer any other TWO questions QUESTION ONE a) Explain the principle that development is a directional process. (4 marks) b) Highlight Jean J. Rousseau's contribution towards child psychology as a scientific discipline (3 marks) c). i). Distinguish between physiological and psychosocial needs. (2 marks) ii) Give three rights of the child that can be classified as physiological needs. (3 marks) d) Identify any two functions of the placenta during pregnancy. (3 marks) e) Using a suitable example for each, distinguish between over-extension and overregularization as used in language development. (4 marks) f) Highlight three benefits of peer groups to school children. (3 marks) g) Define the following terms showing how they may lead to the intellectual growth of the learners: i) Assimilation (2 marks) ii) Accommodation (2 marks) iii) Schema (2 marks) h) Highlight two factors that influence, students' expression of emotions. (2 marks)

Answer 1

QUESTION ONEa) The principle that development is a directional process refers to the idea that human development follows a predictable pattern or sequence. This means that development typically progresses in a specific direction, such as from head to toe (cephalocaudal trend) and from the center of the body outward (proximodistal trend). For example, infants first gain control over their head and neck muscles before they can control their arms and legs.b) Jean J. Rousseau's contribution towards child psychology includes his belief that children are inherently good and that education should be aligned with their natural development. He emphasized the importance of allowing children to explore and learn at their own pace, which laid the groundwork for later educational theories that focus on child-centered learning.c) i) Physiological needs refer to basic physical requirements necessary for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. Psychosocial needs involve emotional and social aspects, such as love, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.ii) Three rights of the child that can be classified as physiological needs include: - The right to adequate nutrition. - The right to safe drinking water. - The right to shelter and a safe living environment.d) Two functions of the placenta during pregnancy are: - It provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. - It removes waste products from the fetus's blood.e) Over-extension in language development occurs when a child uses a word too broadly, applying it to objects beyond its usual meaning. For example, calling all four-legged animals "dog." Overregularization happens when a child applies regular grammatical rules to words that are exceptions. For example, saying "goed" instead of "went."f) Three benefits of peer groups to school children include: - They provide opportunities for social interaction and friendship. - They help develop communication and conflict resolution skills. - They offer a sense of belonging and support.g) i) Assimilation is the process by which individuals incorporate new information into existing cognitive schemas. For example, a child who knows about dogs may assimilate information about a new breed of dog into their existing schema for dogs.ii) Accommodation involves altering existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information. For example, if a child encounters a cat for the first time and initially calls it a dog, they will need to accommodate this new information by creating a separate schema for cats.iii) A schema is a mental framework or structure that organizes and interprets information. Schemas help learners categorize and make sense of new experiences, contributing to intellectual growth.h) Two factors that influence students' expression of emotions include: - Cultural norms and expectations regarding emotional expression. - Individual temperament and personality traits.

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