2. Nictzsche criticized traditional morality for promoting values rooted in rather than strength and self-affirmation. 3. Mill argued that the principle of liberty is essential for protecting individuals from the "tyranny of the . "tyranny philosophy emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with universal 5. Sartre's existentialism sm asserts that "man is nothing other than his ," highlighting the centrality of action in defining oneself. Task 3.True/False Questions. Read each statement carefully and determine if it is true or false. Indicate your answer by marking each statemen I as "True" or "False". 1. Epicurus believed that the fear of death is the primary obstacle to achieving happiness 2. Jean -Paul Sartre argued that existence precedes essence, meaning that bumans their purpose through actions. 3. David Hume claimed that moral judgments are based purcly on reason, without influence from emotion. 4. Immanuel Kant believed that humans could have knowledge of things-in-themselves. beyond sensory experience. 5. Socrates maintained that ignorance, rather than insanity was the root cause of immoral behavior. 6. According to Hobbes a state of peace exists when people voluntarily refrain from harming one another. 7. Nietzsche's Slave morality" is characterized by values like compassion and humility 8. The Stoics believed that happiness depends on external circumstances aligoing with one's desires. 9. Aristotle argued that virtue is found in moderation avoiding extremes of behavior 10. Unilitarianism prioritizes the moral worth of actions based on their alignment with universal laws. Task 4. Below is a list of key philosophical terms and concepts. Your task is to write clear and concise definitions for each term 1. Categorical Imperative 2. Ding-an-sich (Thing-in-itsell) 3. Absolute Spirit 4. Dialectical Method 5. Historical Materialism Task 5, Please provide answers to each of the questions listed below Write clear and concise responses. 1. How does David Hume describe the process of forming ideas based on impressions? 2. Why did Rousseau consider the "general will" essential for society? 3. What was Voltaire's main critique of religious institutions? 4. How does Kant address the concept of causation in his philosophy? 5. What is the significance of the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason over tradition? Task6. Below are riddles cach describing the views of a famous philosopher Your task is to identify the philosopher based on their main ideas and teachings. Write down the name of the philosopher that best matches each riddle

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2. Nictzsche criticized traditional morality for promoting values rooted in rather than strength and self-affirmation. 3. Mill argued that the principle of liberty is essential for protecting individuals from the "tyranny of the . "tyranny philosophy emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with universal 5. Sartre's existentialism sm asserts that "man is nothing other than his ," highlighting the centrality of action in defining oneself. Task 3.True/False Questions. Read each statement carefully and determine if it is true or false. Indicate your answer by marking each statemen I as "True" or "False". 1. Epicurus believed that the fear of death is the primary obstacle to achieving happiness 2. Jean -Paul Sartre argued that existence precedes essence, meaning that bumans their purpose through actions. 3. David Hume claimed that moral judgments are based purcly on reason, without influence from emotion. 4. Immanuel Kant believed that humans could have knowledge of things-in-themselves. beyond sensory experience. 5. Socrates maintained that ignorance, rather than insanity was the root cause of immoral behavior. 6. According to Hobbes a state of peace exists when people voluntarily refrain from harming one another. 7. Nietzsche's Slave morality" is characterized by values like compassion and humility 8. The Stoics believed that happiness depends on external circumstances aligoing with one's desires. 9. Aristotle argued that virtue is found in moderation avoiding extremes of behavior 10. Unilitarianism prioritizes the moral worth of actions based on their alignment with universal laws. Task 4. Below is a list of key philosophical terms and concepts. Your task is to write clear and concise definitions for each term 1. Categorical Imperative 2. Ding-an-sich (Thing-in-itsell) 3. Absolute Spirit 4. Dialectical Method 5. Historical Materialism Task 5, Please provide answers to each of the questions listed below Write clear and concise responses. 1. How does David Hume describe the process of forming ideas based on impressions? 2. Why did Rousseau consider the "general will" essential for society? 3. What was Voltaire's main critique of religious institutions? 4. How does Kant address the concept of causation in his philosophy? 5. What is the significance of the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason over tradition? Task6. Below are riddles cach describing the views of a famous philosopher Your task is to identify the philosopher based on their main ideas and teachings. Write down the name of the philosopher that best matches each riddle

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Task 2:2. Nietzsche criticized traditional morality for promoting values rooted in **pity** rather than strength and self-affirmation.3. Mill argued that the principle of liberty is essential for protecting individuals from the "tyranny of the **majority**."4. Kant's moral philosophy emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with universal **moral laws**.5. Sartre's existentialism asserts that "man is nothing other than his **actions**," highlighting the centrality of action in defining oneself.Task 3:1. False2. True3. False4. False5. True6. False7. False8. False9. True10. FalseTask 4:1. **Categorical Imperative**: A principle in Kantian ethics that requires individuals to act according to maxims that could be universally applied as laws.2. **Ding-an-sich (Thing-in-itself)**: A concept in Kantian philosophy referring to things as they are in themselves, independent of human perception or experience.3. **Absolute Spirit**: In Hegel's philosophy, the final stage of the dialectical process, representing the complete unity of all previous stages and the ultimate reality.4. **Dialectical Method**: A process of argumentation and discussion aimed at resolving contradictions and arriving at the truth, commonly associated with Hegel and Marx.5. **Historical Materialism**: A theory developed by Karl Marx that explains the development of human societies based on the material conditions of production and the class struggle.Task 5:1. David Hume described the process of forming ideas based on impressions as the process of "reducing" the vividness and intensity of an impression to a less vivid and intense idea.2. Rousseau considered the "general will" essential for society because it represents the collective interest of all members of society, promoting the common good and preventing the tyranny of the majority.3. Voltaire's main critique of religious institutions was their tendency to promote dogma and intolerance, often using religion as a tool for political power and control.4. Kant addressed the concept of causation in his philosophy by arguing that causation is a necessary concept for understanding the world, but we can never know the "thing-in-itself" or the true nature of causation.5. The significance of the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason over tradition is that it promoted critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and the questioning of established authority, leading to significant advancements in knowledge and the development of modern democratic societies.Task 6:1. **Philosopher**: Friedrich Nietzsche2. **Philosopher**: Jean-Jacques Rousseau3. **Philosopher**: Voltaire4. **Philosopher**: Immanuel Kant5. **Philosopher**: John Locke

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