Questions 1. Heat capacity. The value of capacity at constant volume. 2. The concept of the number of the freedom degrees of a molecule. The adiabatic index and its relation to the number of the degrees of freedom. Mayer's law. Which of the relations written here are correct for ideal gas only? Which of them are fulfilled for a fixed amount of gas? 6. Present in a qualitative manner the processes in the gas occuring at each stage of the experiment on one diagram. Write down corresponding equations. 7. What condition must be met for the transition from the state 1 to state 2 to be an adiabatic process? 8. Why is it recommended waiting a few minutes before reading the pressure gauge? What if you do not follow this rule? 9. Is the ratio of the volumes of the rubber bulb and the vessel important? 10.What requirements must the vessel fulfil?Think about the volume, thickness , and rigidity of the wall, the colour and transparency of the walls, the shape of the vessel. 11. Analyse the relative uncertainty (error) of the measurements of y and C_(V) Draw conclusions.

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Questions 1. Heat capacity. The value of capacity at constant volume. 2. The concept of the number of the freedom degrees of a molecule. The adiabatic index and its relation to the number of the degrees of freedom. Mayer's law. Which of the relations written here are correct for ideal gas only? Which of them are fulfilled for a fixed amount of gas? 6. Present in a qualitative manner the processes in the gas occuring at each stage of the experiment on one diagram. Write down corresponding equations. 7. What condition must be met for the transition from the state 1 to state 2 to be an adiabatic process? 8. Why is it recommended waiting a few minutes before reading the pressure gauge? What if you do not follow this rule? 9. Is the ratio of the volumes of the rubber bulb and the vessel important? 10.What requirements must the vessel fulfil?Think about the volume, thickness , and rigidity of the wall, the colour and transparency of the walls, the shape of the vessel. 11. Analyse the relative uncertainty (error) of the measurements of y and C_(V) Draw conclusions.

Answer 1

1. The value of heat capacity at constant volume is known as the molar heat capacity at constant volume (C_v). It represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin) while keeping the volume constant.2. The concept of the number of degrees of freedom refers to the number of independent ways in which a molecule can move or vibrate. The adiabatic index (γ) is a measure of the ratio of specific heats (C_p/C_v) and is related to the number of degrees of freedom. Mayer's law relates the adiabatic index to the number of degrees of freedom.3. The relations that are correct for an ideal gas are: - PV = nRT (ideal gas law) - C_p/C_v = γ (adiabatic process) - γ = 1 + (2/(2n-3)) (Mayer's law)4. The relations that are fulfilled for a fixed amount of gas are: - PV = constant (Boyle's law) - V/T = constant (Charles's law) - P/T = constant (Gay-Lussac's law)5. In a qualitative manner, the processes in the gas occurring at each stage of the experiment can be represented on a diagram. Corresponding equations include: - Isothermal process: P = constant - Adiabatic process: P/T = constant - Isobaric process: V = constant6. For the transition from state 1 to state 2 to be an adiabatic process, the condition that must be met is that there should be no heat exchange between the system and its surroundings (Q = 0).7. It is recommended to wait a few minutes before reading the pressure gauge to allow the system to reach thermal equilibrium. If you do not follow this rule, the pressure reading may not be accurate, leading to incorrect results.8. The ratio of the volumes of the rubber bulb and the vessel is important because it affects the accuracy of the pressure measurement. If the volumes are not comparable, the pressure reading may not be accurate.9. The vessel must fulfill certain requirements: - Volume: The vessel should have a sufficient volume to accommodate the gas being studied. - Thickness: The vessel should be thick enough to withstand the pressure of the gas. - Rigidity: The vessel should be rigid to ensure that its volume remains constant during the experiment. - Color and transparency: The vessel should be transparent to allow for visual observation of the gas, and its color should not interfere with the experiment. - Shape: The vessel should have a shape that allows for easy manipulation and measurement.10. To analyze the relative uncertainty (error) of the measurements of y and C_v, you need to consider the sources of error and their uncertainties. By calculating the relative uncertainties and comparing them, you can draw conclusions about the accuracy and precision of the measurements.

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