4. What Is the differenc e between the procedures of of individua l labour disputes from the procedure of resolution of collective e labour disputes?

The main difference between the procedures of individual labor disputes and the procedure of resolution of collective labor disputes lies in the nature and scope of the disputes. Individual labor disputes involve conflicts between a single employee and their employer or between employees and a single employer. These disputes are typically resolved through direct negotiation, mediation, or arbitration between the parties involved.On the other hand, collective labor disputes involve conflicts between a group of employees (usually represented by a union) and their employer. These disputes are often more complex and involve larger-scale issues such as working conditions, wages, and employment terms. The procedure for resolving collective labor disputes typically involves collective bargaining, mediation, and arbitration. Collective bargaining is a negotiation process between the union representatives and the employer to reach an agreement on employment terms. If the bargaining process fails, mediation and arbitration may be used to resolve the dispute.In summary, the key difference lies in the scale and nature of the disputes. Individual labor disputes involve conflicts between a single employee and their employer, while collective labor disputes involve conflicts between a group of employees and their employer. The procedures for resolving these disputes differ accordingly.