4. In the context of the bioethical principle of non-maleficence, which of the following approaches best describes a physician'professional obligation when potential harm from treatment be eliminated? A) The physician must refuse treatment if there is even a minimal risk of harm, regardless of the potential benefits for the patient. B) Non-maleficence implies utmost caution when prescribing treatment but permits moderate risks if the patient is informed and consents. C) The healthcare professional should minimize potential risks without informing the patient to avoid unnecessary anxiety. D) The principle of non-malcficence allows the physician to make decisions that ensure minimal health impact without prior patient notification. 5. Which of the following options most accurately describes the nature of the relationship between law and morality in medical ethics? A)Law always submits to moral norms, regardless of the context B) Morality and law are independent of each other and address different objectives in medical practice. C) Morality defines fundamental principles and serves as a basis for forming legal norms that regulate doctors' duties. D) Legal norms regulate only professional matters , while morality addresses only personal aspects.

Question

4. In the context of the bioethical principle of non-maleficence, which of the following approaches best describes a physician'professional obligation when potential harm from treatment be eliminated? A) The physician must refuse treatment if there is even a minimal risk of harm, regardless of the potential benefits for the patient. B) Non-maleficence implies utmost caution when prescribing treatment but permits moderate risks if the patient is informed and consents. C) The healthcare professional should minimize potential risks without informing the patient to avoid unnecessary anxiety. D) The principle of non-malcficence allows the physician to make decisions that ensure minimal health impact without prior patient notification. 5. Which of the following options most accurately describes the nature of the relationship between law and morality in medical ethics? A)Law always submits to moral norms, regardless of the context B) Morality and law are independent of each other and address different objectives in medical practice. C) Morality defines fundamental principles and serves as a basis for forming legal norms that regulate doctors' duties. D) Legal norms regulate only professional matters , while morality addresses only personal aspects.

Answer 1

4. B) Non-maleficence implies utmost caution when prescribing treatment but permits moderate risks if the patient is informed and consents.Explanation: The principle of non-maleficence requires healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to patients. While it emphasizes caution in prescribing treatments, it does not necessarily mean that all risks should be avoided. If a treatment has moderate risks, it may still be ethically permissible if the patient is adequately informed and provides informed consent. This approach respects the patient's autonomy and acknowledges that some level of risk may be acceptable in pursuit of potential benefits.5. C) Morality defines fundamental principles and serves as a basis for forming legal norms that regulate doctors' duties.Explanation: In medical ethics, morality often underpins the principles that guide professional conduct. These moral principles, such as respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence, form the foundation for ethical decision-making in healthcare. Legal norms are then established to enforce these ethical standards and ensure that doctors fulfill their duties in a manner that is both legally and morally sound. This relationship highlights the importance of aligning law with moral principles to promote ethical medical practice.

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