1.a.Discuss any five methods that psychologists often adopt in their quest for knowledge (10marks) b. Discuss the following branches of psychology (10 marks) Developmental psychology Counselling psychology Educational psychology Personality Psychology Organizational Psychology c. State and explain five characteristics that justify psychology as a science. (10marks) Question Two Discuss why the study of psychology is significant to teachers Page 1 of 2 Question Three Psychology became an independent discipline 19^th century, as science the subject evolved slowly because of its basic arguments conflicted with religious beliefs for example the idea of human mind , soul and spirit having a free will and not being governed by natural laws and principles. Discuss any two schools of psychological thought that clearly describe the historical growth of psychology (20marks) Question Four Using an illustration discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs (20marks) Question Five Discuss the general characteristics of classical conditioning (20marks) (20marks)

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1.a.Discuss any five methods that psychologists often adopt in their quest for knowledge (10marks) b. Discuss the following branches of psychology (10 marks) Developmental psychology Counselling psychology Educational psychology Personality Psychology Organizational Psychology c. State and explain five characteristics that justify psychology as a science. (10marks) Question Two Discuss why the study of psychology is significant to teachers Page 1 of 2 Question Three Psychology became an independent discipline 19^th century, as science the subject evolved slowly because of its basic arguments conflicted with religious beliefs for example the idea of human mind , soul and spirit having a free will and not being governed by natural laws and principles. Discuss any two schools of psychological thought that clearly describe the historical growth of psychology (20marks) Question Four Using an illustration discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs (20marks) Question Five Discuss the general characteristics of classical conditioning (20marks) (20marks)

Answer 1

Question One:a. Five methods that psychologists often adopt in their quest for knowledge include:1. Observation: Psychologists systematically observe and record behavior to understand underlying processes.2. Experimentation: They manipulate variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships.3. Case studies: In-depth analysis of individual or group cases to gain insights.4. Surveys: Collecting data from large samples to identify patterns and trends.5. Longitudinal studies: Repeated observations of the same subjects over time to track changes.b. Branches of psychology:1. Developmental psychology: Studies the psychological changes across the lifespan.2. Counselling psychology: Focuses on helping individuals cope with personal, social, or psychological challenges.3. Educational psychology: Examines how people learn and the best practices for teaching.4. Personality psychology: Investigates individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.5. Organizational psychology: Applies psychological principles to workplace environments to improve productivity and employee well-being.c. Five characteristics that justify psychology as a science:1. Empirical: Psychology relies on observable and measurable evidence.2. Systematic: It follows structured methods to study behavior and mental processes.3. Objective: Researchers aim to remain unbiased and impartial.4. Testable: Hypotheses can be tested and verified through experiments.5. Replicable: Studies can be repeated to confirm findings.Question Two:The study of psychology is significant to teachers as it helps them understand student behavior, learning styles, and effective teaching strategies. This knowledge enables teachers to create a supportive and engaging learning environment.Question Three:Two schools of psychological thought that describe the historical growth of psychology are:1. Structuralism: Focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components.2. Functionalism: Emphasizes the purpose and adaptive functions of mental processes.Question Four:Maslow's hierarchy of needs illustrates that individuals must satisfy lower-level needs (e.g., physiological, safety) before addressing higher-level needs (e.g., love/belonging, self-actualization). For example, a person may prioritize food and shelter before seeking social connections or personal growth.Question Five:General characteristics of classical conditioning include:1. Unconditioned stimulus: Naturally triggers a response without prior learning.2. Unconditioned response: The natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.3. Conditioned stimulus: Previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus.4. Conditioned response: Learned response to the conditioned stimulus.5. Stimulus generalization: Similar stimuli can elicit similar responses.

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