a) Write short notes on the following i. Standardization and variety reduction. ii. Scrap and disposal. iii. Order sorting. iv. JIT. [10 Marks]

i. Standardization and variety reduction: This is a strategy to simplify the production process by reducing the variety of products being produced and standardizing the production process.ii. Scrap and disposal: This refers to the management of waste materials in a production process. It involves identifying what waste is generated, how much is generated, and how it should be disposed of.iii. Order sorting: This is a process in production scheduling which involves arranging production orders in a sequence that minimizes delays and maximizes efficiency.iv. JIT (Just-In-Time): This is an inventory strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules. Companies use this strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they need them for the production process, thereby reducing inventory costs.