Question Three Question One A Baplain following type of learning (2 marks) Memoriention (2 marks) ii) Incidental learning iii) Repetition and Practice (2 marks) iv) Trial and error (2 marks) b) Outline FOUR reasons why people forget what they have (4 marks) c) Identity FOUR conditions necessary for efficient learning (4 marks) d) With the use of examples, explain TWO components of long-term memory (4 marks) e) State FOUR types of partial reinforcement schedules firediane (4 marks) variable rations (1) Explain TWO methods of modifying behaviour. (6 marks) Question Two a) Discuss FIVE ways a teacher can use before memory ámong learners. (10 marks) b) Explain FIVE ways in which individual differences influence learning. (10 marks) ntangento EPSC 223 a) Explain FIVE factors necessary for effective transfer of learning to occur (10 marks) b) Discuss the application of the social learning theory in a classroom education (10 marks) Stuestion Four a) Fxplain FOUR conditions necessary for effective modelling in social learning theory (8 marks) b) Explain thefollowing concepts in c]gasical conditioning (i) Extinction (3 marka) (ii) Reinfortement (3 marks) (iii) Spontaneous repovery (3 marka) (iv) chatiguity (3 marks)

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Question Three Question One A Baplain following type of learning (2 marks) Memoriention (2 marks) ii) Incidental learning iii) Repetition and Practice (2 marks) iv) Trial and error (2 marks) b) Outline FOUR reasons why people forget what they have (4 marks) c) Identity FOUR conditions necessary for efficient learning (4 marks) d) With the use of examples, explain TWO components of long-term memory (4 marks) e) State FOUR types of partial reinforcement schedules firediane (4 marks) variable rations (1) Explain TWO methods of modifying behaviour. (6 marks) Question Two a) Discuss FIVE ways a teacher can use before memory ámong learners. (10 marks) b) Explain FIVE ways in which individual differences influence learning. (10 marks) ntangento EPSC 223 a) Explain FIVE factors necessary for effective transfer of learning to occur (10 marks) b) Discuss the application of the social learning theory in a classroom education (10 marks) Stuestion Four a) Fxplain FOUR conditions necessary for effective modelling in social learning theory (8 marks) b) Explain thefollowing concepts in c]gasical conditioning (i) Extinction (3 marka) (ii) Reinfortement (3 marks) (iii) Spontaneous repovery (3 marka) (iv) chatiguity (3 marks)

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Question Threea) Explain the following types of learning:i) Memorization (2 marks)- Memorization involves committing information to memory through repetition, often without understanding the underlying meaning. It is useful for recalling facts and data.ii) Incidental learning (2 marks)- Incidental learning occurs unintentionally or without explicit instruction, often as a byproduct of another activity. For example, picking up new vocabulary while watching a movie in a foreign language.iii) Repetition and Practice (2 marks)- Repetition and practice involve repeatedly performing a task or reviewing material to enhance skill acquisition and retention. This method strengthens neural connections related to the learned material.iv) Trial and Error (2 marks)- Trial and error is a problem-solving method where multiple attempts are made to reach a solution, learning from mistakes along the way. It is often used when there is no clear path to success.b) Outline FOUR reasons why people forget what they have learned (4 marks)1. Decay: Information fades over time if not reinforced.2. Interference: New information can interfere with the recall of previously learned material.3. Retrieval Failure: Inability to access stored information due to lack of cues.4. Emotional Factors: Stress or anxiety can hinder memory retrieval.c) Identify FOUR conditions necessary for efficient learning (4 marks)1. Motivation: A strong desire to learn enhances focus and retention.2. Attention: Concentrated focus on the material being learned.3. Relevance: Material that is meaningful or relevant to the learner is more easily retained.4. Feedback: Constructive feedback helps correct errors and reinforce learning.d) With the use of examples, explain TWO components of long-term memory (4 marks)1. Declarative Memory: This includes facts and events. For example, remembering the date of a historical event.2. Procedural Memory: This involves skills and tasks. For example, knowing how to ride a bicycle.e) State FOUR types of partial reinforcement schedules (4 marks)1. Fixed Ratio: Reinforcement after a set number of responses.2. Variable Ratio: Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.3. Fixed Interval: Reinforcement after a fixed amount of time.4. Variable Interval: Reinforcement at varying time intervals.f) Explain TWO methods of modifying behavior (6 marks)1. Positive Reinforcement: Encouraging desired behavior by rewarding it.2. Negative Reinforcement: Increasing behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus when the behavior occurs.Question Twoa) Discuss FIVE ways a teacher can use to improve memory among learners (10 marks)1. Use of Mnemonics: Helps students remember information through patterns or associations.2. Visualization Techniques: Encourages students to create mental images of the material.3. Chunking Information: Breaking down large amounts of information into smaller, manageable units.4. Regular Review Sessions: Frequent revisiting of material to reinforce memory.5. Active Engagement: Involving students in discussions and activities to deepen understanding.b) Explain FIVE ways in which individual differences influence learning (10 marks)1. Learning Styles: Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic preferences affect how individuals absorb information.2. Prior Knowledge: Background knowledge influences the ease of learning new concepts.3. Motivation Levels: Highly motivated learners tend to engage more deeply with material.4. Cognitive Abilities: Differences in intelligence and cognitive processing speed impact learning efficiency.5. Emotional State: Emotions like stress or confidence can either hinder or enhance learning.Question Foura) Explain FOUR conditions necessary for effective modeling in social learning theory (8 marks)1. Attention: Learners must pay attention to the model.2. Retention: Learners must be able to remember the observed behavior.3. Reproduction: Learners must have the ability to replicate the behavior.4. Motivation: Learners must have a reason or motivation to adopt the behavior.b) Explain the following concepts in classical conditioning:i) Extinction (3 marks)- Extinction occurs when the conditioned response diminishes after repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.ii) Reinforcement (3 marks)- Reinforcement is the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by presenting a positive stimulus or removing a negative one following the behavior.iii) Spontaneous Recovery (3 marks)- Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.iv) Contiguity (3 marks)- Contiguity refers to the closeness in time between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, which is crucial for forming associations in classical conditioning.

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