Главная
/
Химия
/
36. In Each of the Following Groups of Substances, Pick the One That Has the Given Property . Justify Each Answer. A. Highest Boiling

Вопрос

36. In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property . Justify each answer. a. highest boiling point: CCl_(4),CF_(4),CBr_(4) b. lowest freezing point: LiF,F_(2),HCl c. smallest vapor pressure at 25^circ C:CH_(3)OCH_(3),CH_(3)CH_(2)OH CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(3) d. greatest viscosity: H_(2)S,HF,H_(2)O_(2)

Решения

4.2 (291 Голоса)
Федосей
Экспертная проверка
мастер · Репетитор 5 лет

Ответ

a. The boiling point of a substance is determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces between its molecules. In this case, the boiling point of is the highest because bromine atoms are larger and more polarizable than chlorine atoms in and fluorine atoms in . This results in stronger London dispersion forces in , leading to a higher boiling point.b. The freezing point of a substance is also determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces between its molecules. In this case, has the lowest freezing point because it has the weakest intermolecular forces among the given substances. Fluorine atoms in are nonpolar and have weak van der Waals forces, resulting in a lower freezing point compared to and .c. Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase. The vapor pressure of a substance is inversely proportional to the strength of the intermolecular forces between its molecules. In this case, has the smallest vapor pressure at because it has the weakest intermolecular forces among the given substances. The molecules in are nonpolar and have weak van der Waals forces, resulting in a lower vapor pressure compared to and .d. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. The viscosity of a substance is directly proportional to the strength of the intermolecular forces between its molecules. In this case, has the greatest viscosity because it has the strongest intermolecular forces among the given substances. The molecules in are polar and have strong hydrogen bonding, resulting in a higher viscosity compared to and .