1. Civil law is a branch of the Russian legal system that regulates __ a) basic organization principles of the society and the state; b) property and non -property relations between and property independent subjects; c) social relations arising in connection with the implementation of state-management activities.

The correct answer is b) property and non-property relations between and property independent subjects. Civil law governs the rights and obligations of individuals and organizations in their private dealings, including contracts, property ownership, and personal injury claims. It does not regulate the basic organization principles of society and the state, which is the domain of constitutional law, nor does it specifically pertain to social relations arising from state-management activities, which would fall under administrative or public law.