A. Railways are not a modern ! as most of us think. The idea of transporting things and people on rails has been around for a long time. Rails were made of wood, stone or metal, and railway wagons were some were even and had sails. At the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, people needed to transport raw materials such as coal, so created a of canals and rail links between towns. But canals and horsepower were a very slow way 5 around the country, so the speed of railway wagons needed to be increased. C. By 1829, locomotives were travelling at speeds of over 45 km/h and 11 had been opened, the Stockton and Darlington Railway. The most famous early locomotive was The Rocket. In 1833, it won a competition organised by the owners of the Manchester and Liverpool railway to find the best locomotive for their new line Unfortunately, during the competition, a Member of Parliament wasn't careful as he B. By 1800, many industries were using designed by James Watt (from where we get the electrical measurement -Watt). Richard Trevithick, a Cornish engineer refined Watts' and after failing to build a steam powered road vehicle, he^8 the first locomotive for an Iron Works in Wales. He called it a "Puffer" because of " and on its first journey it travelled at almost 8 km/h an hour!Unfortunately, it was so heavy that it " It only made three journeys. But it had shown that steam engines could be used to move trains, and speeds began to increase. D. The next 130 years can be described as a 14 Railways were built all over the world, and the size,speed, and comfort of trains 15 By 1870, it was possible to cross America by train, and the building of railways in many other countries " people and progress to move quickly across the world. There were famous trains and famous journeys. The Orient Express started in 1883 12 and The Rocket knocked him down. He died later. This was one of " in history. E. Although it is still possible to 19 ,and take the Orient Express from Paris to Vienna, steam trains such as the Mallard or Flying Scotsman, have not travelled regularly for almost 30 years in many countries." or trains running on electrified lines now run on most railways. Modern trains are cleaner and much faster than steam engines but many people still miss the puffing sound and the romance of steam. F. Quite a few countries now use high-speed trains. The famous Bullet Train in Japan and the TGV in France can both carry passengers at speeds of over 300km/h. 21 are now much shorter, and trains can travel on some unusual routes: up hills through mountains, even under the sea.Eurotunnel was opened in 1994. It connects Britain to France through 22 and carried people in luxury through more than 13 countries between France and Turkey. The Flying Scotsman travelled non- stop from London to Edinburgh, between 1928 and 1963, and ". The Trans- Siberian railway was finished in 1916, and is still the longest railway line in the world. It goes between St. Petersburg and Vladivostok, is over 9,000 km long and even today 18 The fastest steam train in the world was The Mallard. This locomotive travelled up and down the east coast of England between London and York, and in 1938 reached 202 km/h. G. 23 could be in Maglev trains. These trains are supported by electro-magnets and hover off the ground Some countries are already using this technology in cities, and others are planning to At the moment, they can go more than 500km/h but some engineers think is - some even think they could be used to launch space shuttles! Trains have come a long way since Richard Trevithick's Puffer 2.25 1. Railways are a recent invention. a) True b) False c) Not stated 2. Rails were always made of metal. a) True b) False c) I have no idea. 3.Who invented the first steam engine for trains? a) James Watt b) Richard Trevithick 4.The Rocket first travelled on the __ c) George Stephenson a) Stockton and Darlington Railway b) Manchester and Liverpool Railway c) Eurotunnel Choose the correct answer to each of questions about the text above.

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A. Railways are not a modern ! as most of us think. The idea of transporting things and people on rails has been around for a long time. Rails were made of wood, stone or metal, and railway wagons were some were even and had sails. At the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, people needed to transport raw materials such as coal, so created a of canals and rail links between towns. But canals and horsepower were a very slow way 5 around the country, so the speed of railway wagons needed to be increased. C. By 1829, locomotives were travelling at speeds of over 45 km/h and 11 had been opened, the Stockton and Darlington Railway. The most famous early locomotive was The Rocket. In 1833, it won a competition organised by the owners of the Manchester and Liverpool railway to find the best locomotive for their new line Unfortunately, during the competition, a Member of Parliament wasn't careful as he B. By 1800, many industries were using designed by James Watt (from where we get the electrical measurement -Watt). Richard Trevithick, a Cornish engineer refined Watts' and after failing to build a steam powered road vehicle, he^8 the first locomotive for an Iron Works in Wales. He called it a "Puffer" because of " and on its first journey it travelled at almost 8 km/h an hour!Unfortunately, it was so heavy that it " It only made three journeys. But it had shown that steam engines could be used to move trains, and speeds began to increase. D. The next 130 years can be described as a 14 Railways were built all over the world, and the size,speed, and comfort of trains 15 By 1870, it was possible to cross America by train, and the building of railways in many other countries " people and progress to move quickly across the world. There were famous trains and famous journeys. The Orient Express started in 1883 12 and The Rocket knocked him down. He died later. This was one of " in history. E. Although it is still possible to 19 ,and take the Orient Express from Paris to Vienna, steam trains such as the Mallard or Flying Scotsman, have not travelled regularly for almost 30 years in many countries." or trains running on electrified lines now run on most railways. Modern trains are cleaner and much faster than steam engines but many people still miss the puffing sound and the romance of steam. F. Quite a few countries now use high-speed trains. The famous Bullet Train in Japan and the TGV in France can both carry passengers at speeds of over 300km/h. 21 are now much shorter, and trains can travel on some unusual routes: up hills through mountains, even under the sea.Eurotunnel was opened in 1994. It connects Britain to France through 22 and carried people in luxury through more than 13 countries between France and Turkey. The Flying Scotsman travelled non- stop from London to Edinburgh, between 1928 and 1963, and ". The Trans- Siberian railway was finished in 1916, and is still the longest railway line in the world. It goes between St. Petersburg and Vladivostok, is over 9,000 km long and even today 18 The fastest steam train in the world was The Mallard. This locomotive travelled up and down the east coast of England between London and York, and in 1938 reached 202 km/h. G. 23 could be in Maglev trains. These trains are supported by electro-magnets and hover off the ground Some countries are already using this technology in cities, and others are planning to At the moment, they can go more than 500km/h but some engineers think is - some even think they could be used to launch space shuttles! Trains have come a long way since Richard Trevithick's Puffer 2.25 1. Railways are a recent invention. a) True b) False c) Not stated 2. Rails were always made of metal. a) True b) False c) I have no idea. 3.Who invented the first steam engine for trains? a) James Watt b) Richard Trevithick 4.The Rocket first travelled on the __ c) George Stephenson a) Stockton and Darlington Railway b) Manchester and Liverpool Railway c) Eurotunnel Choose the correct answer to each of questions about the text above.

Answer 1

1. b) False 2. b) False 3. b) Richard Trevithick 4. a) Stockton and Darlington Railway Explanation: 1. Railways are not a recent invention, as the text mentions that the idea of transporting things and people on rails has been around for a long time. 2. Rails were not always made of metal. The text states that rails were made of wood, stone, or metal. 3. Richard Trevithick invented the first steam engine for trains, as mentioned in the text. 4. The Rocket first travelled on the Stockton and Darlington Railway, as stated in the text.

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