9. Providing cells with energy is the result (specify one or more answers): pentose phosphate pathway glycolysis anaerobic gluconeogenesis glycogenesis aerobic glycolysis

## Step 1<br />The question asks us to identify the processes that provide cells with energy. The options provided are: pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis (anaerobic), gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and aerobic glycolysis.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. It generates NADPH and pentoses as well as ribose 5-phosphate. NADPH is used in biosynthetic reactions within cells, and pentoses and ribose 5-phosphate are used in the synthesis of nucleotides. However, this pathway does not directly produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH. It can occur in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) and is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources. It is not an energy-producing process but rather a way for the body to maintain blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake.<br /><br />## Step 5<br />Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis, where glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen. This is not an energy-producing process but a way to store glucose for later use.<br /><br />## Step 6<br />Aerobic glycolysis refers to glycolysis that occurs in the presence of oxygen. It is the same as glycolysis but is followed by the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, which produce a significant amount of ATP.<br /><br />## Step 7<br />Based on the above explanations, the processes that provide cells with energy are glycolysis (both anaerobic and aerobic) and aerobic glycolysis.