1. Characterize the peculiarities of primary and secondary immune response. 2. What's the principle of toxin neutralization test?Enumerate the types of toxin neutralization test. 3. Characterize the principle of immunoblotting Significance. 4. Classification and examples of live vaccines for specific prophylaxis. Advantages and disadvantages of live vaccines.

1. The primary immune response is the body's first response to a specific antigen. It is slower and less effective than the secondary immune response. The primary immune response involves the activation of B cells and T cells, which produce antibodies and activate cytotoxic T cells, respectively. The secondary immune response is faster and more effective than the primary immune response. It occurs when the body is exposed to the same antigen again. The secondary immune response involves the activation of memory B cells and memory T cells, which produce antibodies and activate cytotoxic T cells, respectively. Memory cells are formed during the primary immune response and remain in the body for a long time. When the body is exposed to the same antigen again, these memory cells can quickly recognize and respond to the antigen, leading to a faster and more effective immune response.<br />2. The principle of the toxin neutralization test is to mix the toxin with an antitoxin and observe if the toxin is neutralized. The types of toxin neutralization tests include the in vitro test and the in vivo test. The in vitro test involves mixing the toxin with an antitoxin in a test tube and observing if the toxin is neutralized. The in vivo test involves injecting the toxin into an animal and observing if the antitoxin neutralizes the toxin.<br />3. Immunoblotting is a technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample. The principle of immunoblotting is to separate proteins by gel electrophoresis, transfer them to a membrane, and then probe the membrane with an antibody that specifically binds to the target protein. Immunoblotting is significant because it allows for the identification and characterization of specific proteins in a sample. It is commonly used in research to study protein expression and protein-protein interactions.<br />4. Live vaccines are vaccines that contain live, attenuated (weakened) microorganisms. Examples of live vaccines include the measles vaccine, the mumps vaccine, and the rubella vaccine. Live vaccines are advantageous because they can provide long-lasting immunity and can stimulate a strong immune response. However, they can also cause side effects and may not be suitable for individuals with weakened immune systems.