Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained during the complete oxidation of one glucoses. phosphate molecule exclusively in the reactions of substrate phosphorylation without taking into account the costs of ATP for the phosphorylation of intermediate oxidation products. Oreer: square

To calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained during the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, we need to consider the following steps:<br /><br />1. Glycolysis: In this step, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. During glycolysis, a net gain of 2 ATP molecules is produced.<br /><br />2. Citric Acid Cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle): Each molecule of pyruvate is further broken down in the citric acid cycle. For each molecule of glucose, there are two molecules of pyruvate, so the citric acid cycle will occur twice. In each round of the citric acid cycle, 1 ATP molecule is produced. Therefore, for two rounds, a total of 2 ATP molecules are produced.<br /><br />3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation: The high-energy electrons released during the breakdown of glucose in the previous steps are used to generate a proton gradient in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP through a process called chemiosmosis. In this step, a large amount of ATP is produced, approximately 28-30 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.<br /><br />Now, let's calculate the total number of ATP molecules obtained:<br /><br />Total ATP = ATP from Glycolysis + ATP from Citric Acid Cycle + ATP from Electron Transport Chain<br />Total ATP = 2 ATP (from glycolysis) + 2 ATP (from citric acid cycle) + 28-30 ATP (from electron transport chain)<br />Total ATP = 32-34 ATP<br /><br />Therefore, the number of ATP molecules obtained during the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, excluding the costs of ATP for the phosphorylation of intermediate oxidation products, is approximately 32-34 ATP.