Educational and research task 3. Basic principles and mechanisms of digestion regulation. Nervous regulation 1. The somatic nervous system regulates __ , the first and second phases of swallowing, defecation. The nerve centers include the motor nuclei of the __ __ segments. cranial nerves and 2. Autonomous (autonomic)nervous system 2.1 Sympathetic division (nerve centers: lateral homs __ ,mediator - __ __ the motility of the stomach and intestines ( __ adrenergic receptors), reduces their sphincters ( __ - adrenergic receptors), __ the secretion of enzymes in the digestive glands , slows down the suction. 2.2 Parasympathetic division (centers: posterior nucleus of the __ nerve, salivatory nuclei of the __ and __ nerves, S __ ) stimulates motility and tone, relaxes sphincters, stimulates the secretion of digestive juices , the absorption process, hormone secretion by the diffuse endocrine system.Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers the vagus and pelvic nerves are innervated by intramural ganglia neurons: o cholinergic (mediator- __ ,-cholinergic receptors), which have an exciting effect; - peptidergic neurons (for example, mediator - __ . have mainly an inhibitory effect; - purinergic neurons (mediator . __ ), have an inhibitory effect.

1. The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary movements, the first and second phases of swallowing, defecation. The nerve centers include the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and spinal cord segments.<br /><br />2. Autonomous (autonomic) nervous system<br />2.1 Sympathetic division (nerve centers: lateral horns of the spinal cord, mediator - norepinephrine, alpha-adrenergic receptors) reduces the motility of the stomach and intestines, relaxes their sphincters (beta-adrenergic receptors), inhibits the secretion of enzymes in the digestive glands, slows down the suction.<br />2.2 Parasympathetic division (centers: posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve, salivatory nuclei of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, sacral parasympathetic nucleus) stimulates motility and tone, relaxes sphincters, stimulates the secretion of digestive juices, the absorption process, hormone secretion by the diffuse endocrine system. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus and pelvic nerves are innervated by intramural ganglia neurons:<br />- cholinergic (mediator - acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors), which have an exciting effect;<br />- peptidergic neurons (for example, mediator - vasoactive intestinal peptide)<br />have mainly an inhibitory effect;<br />- purinergic neurons (mediator - ATP), have an inhibitory effect.