3. (a) Differentiate between (i) Retirement and redundancy [4% marks] (ii) Training and development [4% marks]

<br />1. Retirement refers to the act of leaving one's job or profession on reaching a certain age or after a long period of service, typically with a pension. It is often a voluntary decision and is associated with aging. On the other hand, redundancy refers to the situation where an employee is dismissed because their job no longer exists or is no longer needed. This could be due to various reasons such as technological advancements, company restructuring, or economic downturns. Redundancy is often involuntary and may involve severance pay or redundancy compensation.<br />2. Training refers to the process of enhancing the skills, capabilities, and knowledge of employees to perform a specific job or task. It is usually short-term and focuses on the immediate needs of the job. Development, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses not just the skills required for the current job but also the potential growth and advancement of the employee in their career. While training is often job-specific, development is more strategic and long-term, focusing on the overall growth of the individual.