11. What is the law of demand? a) As the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded increases b) As the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded decreases c) As the price of a good declines.the quantity demanded decreases d) There is no relationship between price and quantity demanded 12. When representing supply and demand on a graph. what does the intersection of the two curves indicate? a) Equilibrium price and quantity b) Maximum price c) Price floor d) Consumer surplus 13. What does a higher NPV value indicate about an investment project? a) Lower profitability. b) Longer payback period. c) Higher profitability. d) Unpredictable future cash flows. 14. Which formula is used to calculate NPV? a) NPV=Future Value-Cash outtlow b) NPV=Future Value/(1+r)^wedge n c) NPV=(1+r)^wedge n-1 d) NPV=sum (Future Value/(1-r)^wedge n) Initial investment 15. Which of the following is true about NPV? a) A positive NPV indicates that the project's return exceeds its cost of capital. b) A negative NPV indicates that the project will be profitable. c) NPV is not affected by the discount rate d) NPV does not take into account the time value of money. 16. What are some elements of the internal environment that managers operate within? a) Corporate culture, production technology, organizational structure, and physical facilities. b) External environment, market trends, customer preferences, and supplier relationships. c) Financial performance, marketing strategies, and competitive analysis, d) Employee motivation, leadership styles. and team dynamics. 17. "Opportunity cost" in healthcare refers to: a) actual monetary cost of providing service b) the value of the best alternative forgone when a decision is made c) the cost of marketing a new healthcare product d) The difference between the price charged and the cost of production 18. What is the purpose of a "SWOT analysis in healthcare management? a) To assess the strengths weaknesses. opportunities, and threats facing an organization. b) To calculate the return on investment for a new project. c) To determine the optimal staffing levels for a hospital department. d) To evaluate the effectiveness of a marketing campaign 19. Which of the following is an example of a "fixed cost" for a hospital? a) The cost of medications used by patients. b) The cost of disposable gloves and supplies. c) The salaries of nurses working overtime. d) The mortgage payment on the hospital building 20. What is the purpose of a "SWOT analysis in healthcare management? a) To assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing an organization. b) To calculate the return on investment for a new project. c) To determine the optimal staffing levels for a hospital department. d) To evaluate the effectiveness of a marketing campaign