6. In the district of 500000 population 10 persons affected by achondroplasia (autosomal dominant disease) live. Define a number of heterozygous carriers in the population.

To solve this problem, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, which is a mathematical equation that describes the genetic variation in a population at equilibrium. The equation is:<br /><br />p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1<br /><br />where p is the frequency of the dominant allele (in this case, the allele for achondroplasia), q is the frequency of the recessive allele, and 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous carriers.<br /><br />In this case, we know that there are 10 affected individuals (homozygous dominant) in a population of 500,000. We can use this information to calculate the frequency of the dominant allele (p) as follows:<br /><br />p^2 = 10/500,000<br />p = sqrt(10/500,000)<br />p ≈ 0.0019<br /><br />Now, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the frequency of heterozygous carriers (2pq):<br /><br />2pq = 2 * 0.0019 * (1 - 0.0019)<br />2pq ≈ 0.0036<br /><br />To find the number of heterozygous carriers in the population, we can multiply the frequency of heterozygous carriers by the total population:<br /><br />Number of heterozygous carriers = 0.0036 * 500,000<br />Number of heterozygous carriers ≈ 1,800<br /><br />Therefore, there are approximately 1,800 heterozygous carriers of achondroplasia in the population.