1. The planning function is closely linked with the __ __ function. a) organizing b) controlling c) motivating d) leading e) staffing 2. All but one of the following are elements of the planning process . Which one isn't an element? a) resources; b) plans; c) actions; d) objectives; e) implementation 3. The first step in the planning process is: a) forecasting sales; b) prioritizing objectives; c) setting objectives; d) identifying resources; e) determining a course of action. 4. Planning implies that managers should be: a) leaders; b) capable organizers; c) reactive; d) proactive; e) all of the above.

1. The correct answer is a) organizing. The planning function is closely linked with the organizing function. Planning involves setting goals and determining the best course of action to achieve them, while organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to implement the plan.<br /><br />2. The correct answer is e) implementation. The elements of the planning process include resources, plans, actions, and objectives. Implementation is the process of putting the plan into action, which comes after the planning process.<br /><br />3. The correct answer is c) setting objectives. The first step in the planning process is setting objectives. Objectives provide a clear direction and purpose for the plan.<br /><br />4. The correct answer is d) proactive. Planning implies that managers should be proactive. Being proactive means taking initiative and anticipating future events or changes, which is essential for effective planning.