3. The dioxygenase pathway of oxidation . Differences from the monooxidase pathway Examples of reactions. Cofactors and coenzymes of the pridase Antioxidants . Mechanisms of antioxidant defence (AOP) their classification. Proxoxidants. Mechanisms of peroxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes.proteins and nucleic acids. Formation of malonic dialdchyde and diene conjugates.

The dioxygenase pathway of oxidation involves the incorporation of molecular oxygen (O2) into the substrate, resulting in the formation of two oxygenated products. This pathway is different from the monooxidase pathway, which involves the removal of one oxygen atom from the substrate, forming a single oxygenated product.<br /><br />Examples of reactions in the dioxygenase pathway include the oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, and aromatic compounds. These reactions are catalyzed by dioxygenases, which are a type of oxidase enzyme that incorporates molecular oxygen into the substrate.<br /><br />The cofactors and coenzymes of the dioxygenase pathway include NADH, NADPH, and molecular oxygen (O2). These molecules participate in the oxidation reactions catalyzed by dioxygenases.<br /><br />Antioxidants are molecules that can donate electrons or hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cells. They can be classified into different categories based on their mechanism of action, such as chain-breaking antioxidants, which break the propagation of free radical chains, and peroxyl radical scavengers, which react with peroxyl radicals to form stable products.<br /><br />Pro-oxidants, on the other hand, are molecules that can generate free radicals and promote oxidative stress. They can cause peroxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to the formation of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates. These molecules can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.