1. Which of the following approaches to responsibility best reflects the deontological perspective? A) A doctor is always responsible for the regardless of the circumstances. 1) A doctor must follow moral principles and professional dulies, even if it may lead to negative consequences for the patient. consequence for responsibility is based on the benefit that actions bring to the patient and society. D) A doctor is only responsible if their actions lead to negative consequences that were foreseeable and preventable. 2. Which of the following situations best characterizes the concept of "social iatrogenesis" and its ethical significance regarding long-term consequences for the patient if physicians prefer invasive diagnostic methods? A) Social introgenesis occurs when there is a lack of invasive procedures and physicians make decisions based on indirect signs and evidence. B) Social iatrogenesis is a situation where invasive diagnostic methods create negative perceptions of the medical profession, forming social barriers between and patients. C) Social iatrogenesis arises if physicians must choose invasive methods, leading to reduced public trust and resistance to preventive care. D) Social iatrogenesis involves medical procedures that lead to the patient's social isolation, creating additional ethical responsibilities for the medical community. 3. Which of the following situations best Illustrates the concept of duty in medical ethics? A) A doctor fulfills duties solely out of fear of legal repereussions. B) A specialist refuses to perform an operation,citing personal moral beliefs despite the absence of legal restrictions. C) A medical worker remains at their post during a disaster, despite personal risk, believing it to be their professional duty. D) A doctor decides to reject prescribed actions if personal beliefs conflict with the medical protocol. 4. In the context of the bioethical principle of non-maleficence, which of the following approaches best describes a physician's professional obligation when potential harm from treatment cannot be climinated? A) The physician must refuse treatment if there is even a minimal risk of harm, regardless of the potential benefits for the patient. B) Non-maleficence implies utmost caution when prescribing treatment but permits moderate risks if the patient is informed and consents. C) The healthcare professional should minimize potential risks without informing the patient to avoid unnecessary anxiety. D) The principle of non-maleficence allows the physician to make decisions that ensure minimal health impact without prior patient notification. 5. Which of the following options most accurately describes the nature of the relationship between law and morality in medical ethies? A) Law always submits to moral norms, regardless of the context. B) Morality and law are independent of each other and address different objectives in medical practice. C) Morality defines fundamental principles and serves as a basis for forming legal norms that regulate doctors' duties. D) Legal norms regulate only professional matters while morality addresses only personal aspects.