BIOETHICS . CREDIT TEST 1.VARIANT 5. 1. Which stateme t most accuratel y reflects the difference between morality and law in the context of their infl lence on individual bel avior? A) Moralit y formulates obliga tory norms of beh vior,whil law is based beliefs. B) Mora lity regulates action:based on social appro al whereas law solely on personal be approach to minimizing harm. tablishes formal norms obligatory for all citizens,while morality is more subjectiv and relies on individual beliefs. D) Moralit y and law are identical as both aim for publi c welfare, regardles s of the means. 2. Wh following argu ments most describes the complexity of the collegial model ationships with the patient in the context of iat ogenic conse quences if the patient insists on a high-risk treatment for non-objective reasons? A) The co Ilegial model allows the physician to refus se high-risk treatment maintaining independence from the p atient's preferences. B) The ethi cal dilemm lies in the fact that the collegial model require s consideration of the patient's preferences, which may increase the risk of iatrogenesis. C) The phys ician should agree with the patient 's opinion within the collegial model , as it provides a balance between risk and resonsibility. D) The patient must accept the potential consequenc es of iatrogenesis, as the collegial mode l implies their conscious invo lvement. 3. Given the relationship between mor al norms and legal regulations , which aspect mos t accurately reflects the reas on for their potent in clinical pr actice? reflects the s are always adapting to the moral ity of society, but because they are decades late, they often fall short of ontemoorarv ethical standards. always subjective and depe ndent on individual perception. B) Legal norm s operate indeper dently of morality due to the desire for neutrality , whereas mor al norms are loral norms,reflecting current societal expectatior as, often provide th basis for legal regulatio n. but exibility c loes not always allow for a clear legal framework for ide dical practice. D) Law is inva riably oriented toward universal steadards the at preclude depende nce on mora l norms, which causes potentia contradictions. 4. When follow no the of beneficence what is the most ethically justifie d course of action if the chose n treatmen method lacks full patient is port but is necessary to prevent severe consequ ences? A) The physician proceeds with the treatmen based on profe ssional duty disregardin g patient prefe rences, as it is in their health interests. B) Beneficence the physician should honor the patient's wishes even if this significantly raise s the risk of negative fromes C) The consister explains consequences of refusal and trea tment benefi ts,providing an opportu nity to reconsider without exertine pressure. oppo eneficence reau ires the physician to respect all pa tient wishes , regardl ess of their validity and adherence to clinical recommendations. 5. When a physician in a research pr oiect faces potential societal benefit but likely risks for a limited 5. Wh of participants,w hich of the following approaches most closely aliens witl research ethics requirements , despit sician 's subjective feeling cipants are willin g to accept the risk? A) The resear her must inform all potential p articipants of soc ietal benefit:s to increase th ar willingness to participate. B) The ethical approach requires ensuring voluntar participation , emphasizing the possible risk and their inevitab le consequences. C) The physician may base their decision on public welfare if confident that participants do not fear potential consequences. D) Ethical standards allow for conducting the study if its results promis e significant so cietal benefits, even if risks remain uncertain for p articipants. 6. Which of the following situati ons best demonstrates a conflict between deontological and utilitarian appr oaches? appr doctor faces a ch ice between bein g honest or hidin g the truth to spare the patient from fear. B) A specialist sel ects a treatmen plan that benefits the ding references of some patients. some patie I staff decide wh will receive urgen t care based on the likelihood of sa ving the mos t patients, ignoring unique circumstan ces of each case. D) A doctor perf orms a procedure deemed necessary for patient benefit despite perso al mor al reservations. 7. In what situatio n migh t a physician encounter iat equences if,while attempting to prevent risks , they create an threat to the patient's health Which ethical aspect is most relevant in this case? A) In cases of ove r diagnosis that lead to additiona I patient stress, the primary ethical issue is the principle of justice. B) Orde ring multiple tests to confirm a diagnosi s, which may cause physiological or psychological B) Order ical dilemme related ciple o patient autonomy. C) The patie nt undergoes preventive r neasures associa ted with risk s of complication s despite weak evidence ofne cessity.complical es the implementation of informed consent. fine believing consumimizes the risk of complication s.though it results in sician prescribes in Benallenges the principle of beneficence. 8. Which of th e followin scenarios best illustrates a conflict betw een the patients is right to autonomy and the physician's dut y to prevent harm if the patient insists on refusing pot rightly life-saving treatment? physician must comply with the patient's decision, disre garding potentia ll health consequ ences, as autonomy is a priority principle. B) The physician may persuade the patient but mus t ultimately respect their autonom if the decisio his final a nd well-reasoned. C) The phy vsician's duty to prevent harm obl igates them to tak e all possible meast res,includ ling compulsory treatm ent, if justified. health consequences. D) The physicia n may withdraw further care if the patien persi sts in a decision tha t could result in serious 9. Which of th e following statement reflects the concept of goo d and evil in ethical categories and heir impact on me dicalded accu-making? categories and cted towar fair treatment.while evil includes action s opposing moral principles, even if legally justified. B) Good even if legales fulfilling direct res ponsibilities, while evil involves violat ing patients' rights. C) Good in medic entails actions solely to prevent death, while evil is any intervention with potential negative outcomes. D) Good and evil in ethics vary wit h cultural norms and have minimal imp act on medical de cisions. 10. Which of th followin g positions most accurately reflects a researcher 's ethical duty toward a vulnerable group of participants if the research results may affe ct this group''s reputation and standing? A. The researcher should consider the impact on I participants 'reputatio n only if they have initially expressed concerns about th is aspect. B)The c progress outweighs pc ssible social risk s. especially if parti eipants have been informed of the cor ditions. C) The researcher 's duty is to preven t any negativ e consequences for participants' statu:regardless of their informed consent. D) Participants should receive the most compr ehensive informatio possible, including potential social implicatior is, even if this may change their wil lingness to participate.