Question Four a) Explain FOUR conditions necessary for effective modelling in social learning theory b) Explain the following concepts in classical conditioning (8 marks) (i) Extinction (ii) Reinfarcement (3 marks) (3 marks) (iii) Spontaneous regovery the club (3 marks)

a) Four conditions necessary for effective modeling in social learning theory are:<br /><br />1. Attention: Learners must be able to observe and focus on the behavior being modeled. This requires the attention of the learner to be engaged and directed towards the model.<br /><br />2. Retention: Learners must be able to remember and retain the information observed. This involves encoding the observed behavior into memory for future retrieval.<br /><br />3. Reproduction: Learners must have the ability to reproduce or imitate the behavior they have observed. This requires the necessary skills and capabilities to perform the behavior.<br /><br />4. Motivation: Learners must have a reason or motivation to engage in the behavior being modeled. This can be influenced by factors such as rewards, reinforcement, or the desire to achieve a specific outcome.<br /><br />b) In classical conditioning:<br /><br />(i) Extinction: Extinction occurs when a previously conditioned response gradually weakens and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. This happens because the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus weakens over time.<br /><br />(ii) Reinforcement: Reinforcement refers to the process of strengthening a behavior by pairing it with a desirable outcome or consequence. In classical conditioning, reinforcement is achieved by presenting the conditioned stimulus along with the unconditioned stimulus, thereby increasing the likelihood of the conditioned response occurring in the future.<br /><br />(iii) Spontaneous recovery: Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus. This phenomenon suggests that the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is not completely erased during extinction but may remain dormant and can be reactivated under certain conditions.