Summary Summarize the following text reflecting the main ideas and including crucial supporting information. Write approximately 150 words. Young children's sense of identity. A sense of self can develop in young children by degrees. The process can be seen as gradual appearance of two separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892 Later, his contemporaries, such as Charles Cooley, added new details to the developing debate Since then psychologists have continued building on the theory. According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the understanding that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labelled 'self-as-subject", and he gave it various elements. These elements included: a) the knowledge that he/she can act (awareness of one's own agency, i.e., one's power to act), and b)an awareness of one's distinctiveness from other people (that he/she differs from other people). These features gradually appear when babies or infants explore their world and interact with parents. Cooley (1902)suggested that a sense of the self-as -subject was connected with being able to exercise control over physical objects. For example, when an infant tries to control her own limbs (parts of the body). This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile someone responds to them. Another source for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them. Many parents spend a lot of time particularly in the early months, copying their infant's vocalizations and expressions In addition, young children enjoy looking in mirrors, where the movements they can see are dependent upon their own motions. This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development) However, Lewis and Brooks -Gunn (1979) suggest that infants' develop understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are their own. And this leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. This is because they, and only they, can change the reflection in the mirror. This understanding that children gain an image of themselves as active agents continues to develop in their attempts to cooperate with others in play. Dunn (1988) points out that in such day-to-day relationships and interactions the child's understanding of his- or herself starts to develop. Empirical investigations of the self-as -subject in young children are, however, rather