DATE: Friday 6^th December 2019 INSTRUCTIONS: EDUCATION EPS 200: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. This paper has FIVE questions 2. Question ONE is compulsory 3. Answer any two other questions SECTION A QUESTION ONE a) Distinguish the following terms as used in Developmental psychology [4 marks] ii) Development y b) Outline four rights of a child declared by the United Nations Organization (1959). [4 marks] c) State Locke's contribution to child psychology as a scientific discipline. [4 marks] d) Describe adolescent's moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg.[4 marks] e) Explain two "support systems that develop during the embryonic stage. [4 marks] f) Explain independence and responsibility as developmental needs. [4 marks] g) Give three conditions which may harm the baby during prenatal period. [3 marks] h) State three reasons why peer relations are important to an adolescence. [3 marks]

SECTION A<br /><br />QUESTION ONE<br /><br />a) Distinguish the following terms as used in Developmental psychology [4 marks]<br /><br />ii) Development: In developmental psychology, "development" refers to the systematic changes and continuities in an individual that occur between conception and death. These changes can be physical, cognitive, or psychosocial.<br /><br />b) Outline four rights of a child declared by the United Nations Organization (1959). [4 marks]<br /><br />1. Right to education.<br />2. Right to protection from abuse and exploitation.<br />3. Right to adequate nutrition and healthcare.<br />4. Right to express their views freely.<br /><br />c) State Locke's contribution to child psychology as a scientific discipline. [4 marks]<br /><br />John Locke contributed to child psychology with his theory of tabula rasa, which suggests that children are born as a "blank slate" and that all knowledge comes from experience and perception. This idea emphasized the importance of environment and education in shaping a child's development.<br /><br />d) Describe adolescent's moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg. [4 marks]<br /><br />According to Lawrence Kohlberg, adolescents typically progress through the stages of moral development, moving from a pre-conventional level focused on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards, to a conventional level where they adhere to social rules and seek approval, and potentially reaching a post-conventional level where they recognize universal ethical principles and personal moral codes.<br /><br />e) Explain two support systems that develop during the embryonic stage. [4 marks]<br /><br />1. Placenta: The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, providing oxygen and nutrients to the growing embryo and removing waste products from the embryo's blood.<br /><br />2. Amniotic Sac: The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the embryo, cushioning it from external pressure and maintaining a stable temperature.<br /><br />f) Explain independence and responsibility as developmental needs. [4 marks]<br /><br />Independence and responsibility are crucial developmental needs as they enable individuals to make decisions, solve problems, and take control of their lives. Independence fosters self-reliance and confidence, while responsibility encourages accountability and maturity.<br /><br />g) Give three conditions which may harm the baby during prenatal period. [3 marks]<br /><br />1. Exposure to harmful substances such as alcohol, drugs, or tobacco.<br />2. Infections like rubella or toxoplasmosis.<br />3. Poor maternal nutrition or chronic health conditions.<br /><br />h) State three reasons why peer relations are important to an adolescence. [3 marks]<br /><br />1. Peer relations provide emotional support and help adolescents develop social skills.<br />2. They offer opportunities for identity exploration and self-expression.<br />3. Peers influence behavior and attitudes, contributing to social learning and development.