Закон - Онлайн-помощь по юридическим заданиям - 85

In which instances is it possible to improve a previously awarded positive course score (over Grade 4)? Select all accurate statements: Bbl6epute oguH wnn HeCKO/1bK0 OTBeTOB: When a student has submitted a certificate for an international English examination along with a request that it be considered instead of previously assigned positive grades on an independent English test D When a student received a grade on an external test of digital competencies (Innopolis) that is higher than that received at HSE University for an independent test of digital competencies In order to improve a satisfactory grade if a single satisfactory grade hinders a student's chances of receiving a diploma with honours D This is not permitted under any circumstances. When a student has submitted a certificate for an international English examination along with a request that it be considered instead of an internal independent English test before the examination, or as a retake to improve an unsatisfactory grade

Which category in the Regulations for Interim and Ongoing Assessment of Students (POPATKUS) pertains to students with Disabilities and Special Education Needs? Bbl6epute ognH wnn HeCKO/IbKO OTBeTOB: Specialised category Special category Separate category Where can you access all HSE University bylaws? Bbl6epute ofMH wnn HeCKO/TbKO OTBeTOB: At the degree programme's study office At the HSE University Library D On the information board inside each building on campus On the HSE University website

12500 oniversal becaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, Micle 12-Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their scope. The Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity adopted (2001) , proclaims that: "The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect. for human dignity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms. 12 particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities. No one may invoke cultural diversity to infringe upo:human rights guaranteed by international law, nor limit their scope." There is not one absolute standard for all times and all human beings. No one has the whole or only truth: tolerance and the ability to say 'I may be wrong' as well as to see and unde:stand the truth in the other's opinion are central to the ethics of discussion. which is at the core of bioethics.Pluralism ought, therefore, to be part of bioethics in its task of prescribing how science may be applied for the good and welfare of the individual, as well as defining the limits of the permissible. Nevertheless pluralism of culture and values, religious and philosophical perspectives impacts and colours the principles of bioethics. Full autonomy, in some cultures can be seen as limited by various considerations of collective good. Without violating the principle that 'the interests and welfare of the individual should have over the sole interest of science or society'(Article 3(b) of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights), many would agree that, confronted by a pandemic spread of disease , measures such as quarantine or obligatory mass vaccination may be needed, leading to inevitable limitations of freedom and autonomy. How far benefits (beneficence) for the collectivity. rather than solely for the individual, may be allowed to extend is still part of many debates, for example on the limits of genetic screening and selection, or internment of certain psychiatric patients. Refusing euthanasia requested by patients suffering from terminal diseases may be viewed as infringing on their autonomy. Offering certain drug treatments or surgery that entail high risks may conflict with non-maleficence . Plastic surgery to comply with societal fashion may sometimes raise questions about therapeutic aims. The bioethical principles of justice and equality are often subject to local economic variables, be it in capitalistic societies (inequity in health insurance; restricting treatments for old age, e.g dialysis) or in developing countries (lack of means). Q1. Why is respect of cultural diversity and pluralism important? Explain by examples. Q2. Why they should it is part of the Universal Declaration on Bioethies and Human Rights? Explain by examples

The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethies and Human Rights, Afficle 12-Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their scope. The Universal Declaration on Caltural Diversity adopted (2001), proclaims that: "The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from for human dignity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms. 12 particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities. No one may invoke cultural diversity to infringe upor human rights guaranteed by international law, nor limit their scope." There is not one absolute standard for all times and all human beings. No one has the whole or only truth: tolerance and the ability to say 'I may be wrong' as well as to see and understand the truth in the other's opinion are central to the ethics of discussion, which is at the core of bioethics.Pluralism ought, therefore, to be part of bioethics in its task of prescribing how science may be applied for the good and welfare of the individual, as well as defining the limits of the permissible. Nevertheless , pluralism of culture and values, religious and philosophical perspectives impacts and colours the principles of bioethics. Full autonomy, in some cultures can be seen as limited by various considerations of collective good. Without violating the principle that 'the interests and welfare of the individual should have priority over the sole interest of science or society'(Article 3(b) of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights), many would agree that, confronted by a pandemic spread of disease , measures such as quarantine or obligatory mass vaccination may be needed, leading to inevitable limitations of freedom and autonomy. How far benefits (beneficence) for the collectivity. rather than solely for the individual, may be allowed to extend is still part of many debates, for example on the limits of genetic screening and selection, or internment of certain psychiatric patients. Refusing euthanasia requested by patients suffering from terminal diseases may be viewed as infringing on their autonomy. Offering certain drug treatments or surgery that entail high risks may conflict with non-maleficence . Plastic surgery to comply with societal fashion may sometimes raise questions about therapeutic aims. The bioethical principles of justice and equality are often subject to local economic variables, be it in capitalistic societies (inequity in health insurance; restricting treatments for old age, e.g.dialysis) or in developing countries (lack of means). is respect of cultural diversity and pluralism important?Explain by examples. Q 2. Why they should it is part of the Universal Declaration on Bioethies and Human Rights? Explain by examples

Unite 10. Non -discrimination and stigmatization Read the text and answer the questions The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Ri_(e) his Article 11-Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization Mo individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmutized on any grouras in viol/;ion of human dignity human rights and fundamental freedoms. Discrimination is the act of treating a person differently -negatively or positively because of that person's race, class, sexual orientation or gender or any other group to which that person belongs, rather than assessing individual needs and merits Stigmatization means individuals who are shamed, bullied or discriminated against based on preconceived judgments of their appearance, disabilities or lifestyles are victims of stigmatization. Stigmatized individuals fall outside the society definition of (normal "Examples include prostitutes, mental patients, drug addicts or people with physical deformities. Article 7 of the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data (2003) provides that: a. Every effort should be made to ensure that human a. genetic data and human proteomic data are not used for purposes that discriminate in a way that is intended to infringe, or has the effect of infringing, human rights, fundamenta freedoms or human dignity of an individual or for purposes that lead to the stigmatizAtion of an individual, a family, a group or communities. b. b. In this regard appropriate attention should be paid to the findings of population-based genetic studies and behavioural genetic studies and their interpretations. The principle of Article 11, however, will also give guidance to the resolution of a wider range of bioethical issues. In the context of research for example, the selection of research subjects should not be influenced by a belief that members of a given group are less deserving of protection from the risks associated with research than others. Public health measures should be designed primarily on the basis of a risk/benefi t analysis, rather than undertaken for the benefit of one group to the exclusion of another which also faces the same or a similar health risk Article 11 is, of course relevant to the consideration of any measures designed to address gender selection in the application of assisted human reproduction procedures or pre-natal ress gender The guidance provided by Article 11 should lead the media to exercise care in contextualizing the findings of genetic studies in order to avoid stigmatization of population groups. In these and other situations, however, it is important to recall that not all distinctions amount to a yiolation of human dignity, human rights or fundamental freedoms. Distinctions based upon accepted scientific evidence may be justified. For example, the projected trend in the development of designer drugs to match particular genotypes may be well as a means of their effectiveness or reducing their risks Care must be taken however, to avoid the systematic development of medicines for one group within the population while neglecting the needs of others Equally, public health measures that correctly target the at-risk population would not likely be considered to violate their human rights, but the neglect of a population group's health risk on a prohibited ground of discrimination, such as race or sex,would likely do so. Q1.What is the meaning of discrimination? Explain in the base of the article. Q 2.What is the of stigmatization? Explain in the base of the article. Q 3. How are inequalities used in real life?

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