История - Помощь и ответы на домашние задания по истории - 165

SAIN T-SIMON'S ID EAS IN SPIRED THE WO RK OF Select one: Karl Popper Auguste Comte Thomas Kuhn Herbert Spencer

10. Which of the scientists considered the Russian civilization to be derived from the Byzantine one? A. B.I. Chicherin B. K. Leontiev C. P. A. Karsavin D. K. Jaspers 11. The peculiarity of the Russian civilization was formed under the influence of: A. diversity of climatic conditions in the inhabited territory B. freedom of economic activity C. constant external threat D. the absence of an external threat 12. What role do values play in politics? A. They determine the goals and direction of political actions B. They do not matter in politics C. They interfere with the achievement of political goals D. They are used only to attract votes 13. What value is the opposite of the value of globalization? A. Economic growth and productivity B. Peace and cooperation C. National identity D. Cultural integration 14. What value can be violated in the event of an environmental crisis caused by politics? A. Security B. Equality C. Justice D. Freedom 15. What is the most important value in modern politics? A. Equality and justice B. Security and stability C. Environmental responsibility D. Cultural identity

6. Specify the terms that relate to A.Toynbee's theory: A. creative minority and non-creative majority B. basis and superstructure C. ethnogenesis and passionarity D. providentialis am and theocentrism 7. The civilizational approach to the study of the history of society is characterized by: A. understanding of the history of mankind as a single consistent natural process B. the study of the originality and uniqueness of the historical development of various regions of the world. C. the primary attention to the economic factors of social development; D. consideration of the class struggle as a driving force of social progress; 8. Which of the scientists considers the concept of "civilization" as the final stage of the development of the cultural-historical type? A. K. Jaspers B. A. Toynbee C. O. Spengler D. K. Marx 9. A community of people with certain stable social and ethnic traits, a sufficiently developed culture and economy, a common mentality and spiritual values is A. Civilization B. Formation C. Consciousness

The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the oth ontury Towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began Between the Toch and 13th centunes Russians developed a high contization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following contunes. During this penod mumerous cultural treasures were accumulated? The written works of the time show that the lovel of knowledge on most natural phonomena was as high as that of Ancient Greece Monastwries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge 2. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless illiteracy among common people was very high Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools commercial schools or secondary schools teaching no classics. There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited. For example, at lycée where AS: Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for SIX years. They were taught many different sybjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, goography mathematics, physics, logic, law, thetoric and such foreign languages as French, English German and Latin Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training riding. swimming, fencing and dancing The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state 3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the first University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of MV Lomono sov and in accordance with his plan Later universities were opened in many other big cities of the country 4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranted to the Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was carried out almost in all national languages. The system of education was the same throughout the country. School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their and passed entrance examinations to higher education establishments received monthly grants if not

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